Procedure of Magnetic Particle Testing (MPT)
Magnetic particle testing (MPT) is a non-destructive testing method used to detect surface and subsurface defects in ferromagnetic materials such as iron and steel. The basic procedure of MPT involves the following steps:
- Clean and prepare the surface of the material to be tested.
- Apply a magnetic field to the surface using a magnet or an electromagnet.
- Apply a suspension of magnetic particles, such as iron filings, to the surface. The particles will be attracted to and will congregate around any defects in the material.
- Use a UV light or other light source to illuminate the surface and make the particles visible.
- Inspect the surface to identify any areas where the particles have congregated, indicating the presence of a defect.
- Interpret the results of the inspection and make any necessary repairs or modifications to the material.
It's important to note that the MPT should be done by a certified technician, as the interpretation of the results can be subjective.
In addition to the basic steps outlined above, there are several variations and techniques that can be used to enhance the sensitivity and accuracy of magnetic particle testing. These include:
- Wet magnetic particle testing: This technique involves immersing the material to be tested in a bath of magnetic particles. This allows for a more thorough coverage of the surface and can increase the sensitivity of the test.
- Dry magnetic particle testing: In this technique, dry magnetic particles are applied to the surface of the material using a dry powder applicator. This method is less messy than wet testing, but may not be as sensitive.
- Demagnetization: After the magnetic particle testing is complete, it is important to demagnetize the material to remove any residual magnetic fields. This is done by applying a reverse magnetic field to the material, which neutralizes any remaining magnetic fields.
Another important aspect of MPT is the proper interpretation of the results. The technician performing the test should be well trained in interpreting the indications and be able to distinguish between acceptable and unacceptable indications. They should also be able to identify the type of indication and its possible cause.
MPT is widely used in various industries, such as aerospace, automobile, oil and gas, heavy machinery, and many more. It's a relatively fast and low-cost method of non-destructive testing that can detect a wide range of defects, including cracks, laps, inclusions, and more.