Abrasive Processes

Abrasive machining processes can be divided into two categories based on how the grains are applied to the workpiece.

In bonded abrasive processes, the particles are held together within a matrix, and their combined shape determines the geometry of the finished workpiece. For example, in grinding the particles are bonded together in a wheel. As the grinding wheel is fed into the part, its shape is transferred onto the workpiece.

In loose abrasive processes, there is no structure connecting the grains. They may be applied without lubrication as dry powder, or they may be mixed with a lubricant to form a slurry.

Since the grains can move independently, they must be forced into the workpiece with another object like a polishing cloth or a lapping plate.

Common abrasive processes are listed below.

Fixed (bonded) abrasive processes

Grinding

Honing, superfinishing

Tape finishing, abrasive belt machining

Buffing, brushing

Abrasive sawing, Diamond wire cutting, Wire saw

Sanding

Loose abrasive processes

Polishing

Lapping

Abrasive flow machining (AFM)

Hydro-erosive grinding

Water-jet cutting

Abrasive blasting

Mass finishing,