CONSTITUENTS OF AN OIL PAINT

CONSTITUENTS OF AN OIL PAINT

A good paint must have sufficient fluidity so
that it can be easily spread by a brush over
the
surface. It should form a durable and wear-resistant film on drying over
the surface of wood. It should retain its color on drying and under changing
conditions of atmosphere and
should not
be affected much by moisture. It should give a pleasing appearance to the
surface on
drying. An oil paint
comprises of various constituents
such as
base, vehicle, pigments, thinner and
driver which are discussed as
under.


Base is
a major constituent of oil paint. It is finely ground powdered material which
is mixed and then applied to the surface of the finished part to form the body
of the paint. The functions of a
paint base is to provide a sort of reinforcement to the film coated on the
surface of finished parts after it dries, in order to make it hard and
wear-resistant for long life. Itย  also
minimizes the chances of cracking of the coated film of paint after drying.
Commonly used bases involve
white lead, red lead and iron oxide.

The second constituent named as vehicle will act as a binder for the solid material and enables suspension of base and other coloring pigments
in order to allow their even application on the prepared surface of
the products and it facilitate its adherence to the latter. The well known vehicles are raw linseed oil, single or
double boiled linseed oil, refined linseed oil, nut oil, stand oil and poppy oil.

The
third constituent of oil paint function is
pigmentsย  which provide various
colors toย  the paints. They are generally
available in fine powdered form and the best one is which does not change its
color even on being exposed to sun and heat. The black color oriented common pigments are graphite, lamp black,
and vegetable black. The blue color oriented common
pigments involve Prussian
blue, cobalt blue, indigo. The green color oriented common pigments
is chrome green. The red color oriented common pigments are Indian red, red
lead, vermilion, and venetian red. The brown color oriented common pigments are
raw umber, burnt umber, raw sienna, burnt sienna. The black
color oriented common pigments are chrome yellow and yellow achre.

The Thinner is a such a solvent which, when added to the
paint, reduces its consistency and, thus, enhances its flow ability thereby
facilitating an easy and quick spreading of paint over the surface of the job
in the from of an uniform thin film. It is important to note thatย ย  the thinner should not be added to the paint
in an excessive quantity. The amount
of a thinner in paint varies between 5 to 8 percent of the paint. The commonly
used thinners are turpentine and naphtha.

The main objective or function
of a
drierย  in oil paint is to increase the rate of dryingย ย ย ย ย  of the vehicles
and hence the applied paints. The generally used driers are red lead, zinc
sulphate, lead acetate,
lead oxide and manganese sulphate.




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