Internal energy
The molecule as a whole can
move in x, y and z directions with
respective components of velocities and hence possesses kinetic energy.
There can be rotation of
molecule about its center of mass
and than the kinetic energy associated with rotation is called rotational energy.
In addition the bond length
undergoes change and the energy associated with it is called vibrational energy.
The electron move around the
nucleus and they possess a certain energy that is called electron energy.
The microscopic modes of energy
are due to the internal structure of the matter and hence sum of all microscopic modes of energy is called
the internal energy.
Bulk kinetic energy (KE) and potential energy (PE) are considered separately and the other energy of control mass as a single property (U).
The total energy possessed by the body is given by
E =
KE + PE + U
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