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Ideal and real gases
Pure Substance
A pure substance is one that has
a homogeneous and invariable chemical
composition. It may exist in more than one phase but chemical
composition is the same in all phases.
Some times the
mixture of gases, such as air is considered a pure substance as long as there
is no change of phase. Further our emphasis will be on simple compressible substances
Early experiments on the variables
of state (such as T, P, V, and n) showed that only two of these variables
of state need to be known to know the state of a sample of matter.
1. Extensive variables:
depend on the amount of
substance present. Examples include the volume, energy, enthalpy, and heat capacity.
2. Intensive variables:
do not depend on the
amount of substance present. Examples include the temperature and pressure.