Metal Cutting,Types of metal cutting, Orthogonal and oblique cutting

Metal Cutting:-

There are two working process of metal in the industries

·        Non- cutting process:- Forging, Pressing, Drawing, etc

·        Cutting process:- Planning, Turning, Drilling, Milling

Types of metal cutting

·        A cutting tool may be used for cutting apart, as with a knife, or for removing chips. Parts are produced by removing metal mostly in the form of small chips.

·        Chips removal in the metal cutting process may be performed either by cutting tools having distinct cutting edges or by abrasives used in grinding wheel, abrasive sticks, abrasive cloth, etc.

·        These abrasives have a very large number if hard grains with sharp edges which remove metal from the workpiece surface in such operations as grinding.

All cutting tools can be divided into groups.

1.     Single point tools

2.     Multi point tools

·        Single point cutting tools having a wedge like action find a wide application on lathes, and slotting machines.

·        Multi point cutting tools are merely two or more single point cutting tools arranged as a unit. The milling cutter and broaching tool are good example of this type.

·        The simplest form of cutting tool is the single point tool. The cutting process as performed by multi point tools closely resembles machining as performed by single point tools.

Orthogonal and oblique cutting

·        The two basic methods of metal cutting using a single point tool are the orthogonal or two - dimensional, and the oblique or three - dimensional.

·        Orthogonal cutting takes place when the cutting face of the tool is 90^o to the line of action or path of tool. If, however, the cutting face is inclined at an angle less than 90^o to the path of tool, the cutting action is known as oblique.

·        The depth of cut is the same in both cases, and so is the feed, but the force which cuts or shears the metal acts on a larger area in the case of the oblique tool

·        The oblique tool will, thus, have a longer life as the heat developed per unit area due to friction along the tool - workpiece interface is considerably small.

·        Alternatively, the oblique tool will remove the more metal in the same life as an orthogonal tool.

·        In orthogonal cutting, where the cutting edge of the tool is at right angle to the direction of the work, the chip coils in a tight, flat spiral while in oblique cutting, where the cutting edge of the tool is inclined at the angle the chip flows sideways in a long curl.

·        Orthogonal cutting in the machine shop is confined mainly to such operations as knife turning, broaching and slotting, the bulk of machining being done by oblique cutting.

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