Classification of Lathe ~ MECHTECH GURU

Classification of Lathe

Classification of Lathe:-
(a) According to configuration

  •  Horizontal

- Most common for ergonomic conveniences

  • Vertical

- Occupies less floor space, only some large lathes are of this type.

(b) According to purpose of use


  •  General purpose

- Very versatile where almost all possible types of operations are carried out on wide ranges of size, shape and materials of jobs; example : centre lathes

  •  Single purpose 

Only one (occasionally two) type of operation is done on limited ranges of size and material of jobs; example – facing lathe, roll turning lathe etc.


  •  Special purpose - Where a definite number and type of operations are done repeatedly over long time on a specific type of blank; example: gear blank machining lathe etc. 


(c)  According to size or capacity

  •   Small (low duty) -

 In such light duty lathes (up to 1.1 kW), only small and medium size jobs of generally soft and easily machinable materials are machined

  •  Medium (medium duty) - These lathes of power nearly up to 11 kW are most versatile and commonly used 
  •  Large (heavy duty) 
  •  Mini or micro lathe - These are tiny table-top lathes used for extremely small size jobs and precision work; example : Swiss type automatic lathe 


(d)  According to degree of automation


  •  Non-automatic  - Almost all the handling operations are done manually; example: centre lathes
  •  Semi-automatic - Nearly half of the handling operations, irrespective of the processing operations, are done automatically and rest manually; example : capstan lathe, turret lathe, copying lathe relieving lathe etc. 
  • Automatic - Almost all the handling operations (and obviously all the processing operations) are done automatically; example – single spindle automatic (automatic lathe), Swiss type automatic lathe, etc. 

 (e)  According to type of automation


  •  Fixed automation - Conventional; example – single spindle automatic, Swiss type automatic lathe etc.
  •   Flexible automation - Modern; example CNC lathe, turning centre etc. 



(f)  According to configuration of the jobs being handled


  •  Bar type - Slender rod like jobs being held in collects 
  •  Chucking type - Disc type jobs being held in chucks 
  •  Housing type- Odd shape jobs, being held in face plate 


(g)  According to precision


  •   Ordinary 
  •  Precision (lathes) - These sophisticated lathes meant for high accuracy and finish and are relatively more expensive. 

 (h)  According to number of spindles


  •  Single spindle - Common 
  •  Multi spindle (2, 4, 6 or 8 spindles) - Such uncommon lathes are suitably used for fast and mass production of small size and simple shaped jobs


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